Matera, Italy, is a captivating destination that draws visitors with its ancient history, stunning architecture, and unique cave dwellings. This remarkable city, located in the Basilicata region, is one of the oldest continuously inhabited settlements in the world, boasting a rich tapestry of stories and experiences that date back thousands of years. With its fascinating past and breathtaking landscapes, Matera has transformed from a neglected area into a vibrant tourist hotspot.

A Brief History of Matera

Matera’s history is both long and complex. It is estimated to have been settled around the 10th millennium BC, making it one of the oldest cities in the world. The inhabitants of Matera carved their homes directly into the limestone cliffs, creating a network of caves known as “sassi.” For many years, the residents lived in dire poverty, with families crammed into small cave dwellings without basic amenities. This period of hardship earned Matera the unfortunate title of the “Shame of Italy.”

However, the city has undergone a remarkable transformation in recent decades. Once overlooked and forgotten, Matera has now emerged as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a popular destination for travelers seeking to explore its unique charm and history. The city gained international fame when it was featured in the latest James Bond film, “No Time To Die,” further solidifying its status as a must-visit location in Italy.

Best Things to Do in Matera

If you’re planning a trip to Matera, you’ll find plenty of activities and attractions that showcase its rich heritage and stunning landscapes. Here are the top 10 things to do in this remarkable city:

1. Get Lost Exploring Sassi di Matera

The heart of Matera lies in its ancient neighborhoods, known as Sassi di Matera. These two areas, Sassi Barisano and Sassi Caveoso, are a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a testament to the city’s unique architectural style. As you wander through the winding alleys, you’ll encounter limestone grottoes, ancient churches, and traditional cave homes stacked on top of each other.

Sassi Barisano is the more developed of the two neighborhoods, featuring charming restaurants, boutique shops, and art galleries. In contrast, Sassi Caveoso retains a more authentic, rustic feel with many abandoned caves that provide insight into the lives of the early inhabitants. Getting lost in these narrow streets is part of the charm, as you’ll discover hidden gems around every corner.

2. Visit the Rock Church & Crypt

One of the most iconic attractions in Matera is the Church of Saint Mary of Idris, an extraordinary rock-hewn church that showcases the city’s unique architectural style. The church consists of two parts: one excavated from the rock and the other built later. Inside, you’ll find beautifully preserved frescoes that date back to the 12th to 17th centuries, illustrating the rich religious history of the area.

Adjacent to the church is the San Giovanni in Monterrone crypt, which can be accessed via a narrow tunnel. The entry fee for both the church and crypt is €5, and while photography is prohibited inside, the beauty of the frescoes will leave a lasting impression.

3. Explore the Church of Saint Peter ‘Caveoso’

Another must-visit church is the Church of Saints Peter and Paul, also known as the “Caveoso.” This stunning church, built in the 13th century, sits dramatically on the edge of the ravine, offering breathtaking views of the surrounding landscape. Inside, you’ll find four side chapels and intricate decorations that reflect the church’s historical significance. The atmosphere during liturgical celebrations is especially captivating, providing a glimpse into the spiritual life of the community.

4. The Casa Noha Exhibit

To gain a deeper understanding of Matera’s history, visit Casa Noha, a small museum and multimedia exhibit located in an authentic cave house. This engaging experience lasts about 30 minutes and takes you through three rooms filled with videos that narrate the story of Matera, from its ancient beginnings to its recent transformation. The exhibit highlights the struggles faced by the residents, including the harsh living conditions that characterized life in the sassi. This informative introduction will enhance your appreciation of what you see as you explore the city.

5. Belvedere di Mugia Timone Viewpoint

For stunning panoramic views of Matera and its surrounding landscape, hike to the Belvedere di Mugia Timone viewpoint. From here, you can see the original Paleolithic caves carved into the hillside, where the first settlers made their homes over 10,000 years ago. The hike to the viewpoint can be accessed from Parcheggio via Madonna delle Virtù, and while the trek can be challenging, the breathtaking vistas make it worthwhile. Whether you go at sunrise or sunset, the scenery is nothing short of spectacular.

6. Spend the Night in a Cave

One of the unique experiences in Matera is staying in a cave hotel or Airbnb. Many of the traditional cave homes have been converted into luxurious accommodations, offering visitors a chance to experience the charm of sleeping in a cave. With various options available, from boutique hotels to cozy guesthouses, spending a night in a cave is a memorable part of any trip to Matera.

7. Discover Matera’s Apulian-Romanesque Cathedral

The Cathedral of the Madonna della Bruna and Sant’Eustachio is a prominent landmark in Matera, perched on a ridge that divides the two sassi neighborhoods. Built in the 13th century, the cathedral features a stunning rose window and an interior adorned with intricate sculptures, stained glass, and colorful frescoes. Even if you’re not particularly interested in churches, the architectural beauty and historical significance of this site make it worth a visit.

8. Visit MUSMA

For contemporary art lovers, the Museum of Contemporary Sculpture (MUSMA) is a highlight of Matera. Located in the Palazzo Pomarici, this museum showcases modern sculptures displayed in the unique setting of underground vaults and niches carved from the local tuff rock. The combination of contemporary art and ancient architecture creates a fascinating experience that reflects the city’s artistic evolution.

9. Savor Local Materan Bread

Matera is renowned for its traditional sourdough bread, Pane di Matera, made from semolina flour, natural yeast, and water. This unique bread has a distinctive shape and is often served in various dishes, such as bruschetta or Cialledda Materana, a salad made with soaked bread, tomatoes, and onions. Be sure to sample this local delicacy at one of the many restaurants or bakeries in town.

10. Explore Casa Cava

Casa Cava is an underground cultural center and auditorium located in the heart of Matera’s Sassi. Originally a quarry for extracting tuff, this space has been transformed into a venue for concerts, performances, and art exhibitions. The acoustics of the cave create a unique atmosphere for cultural events. There is a small entry fee of €3, and attending a performance or exhibition here can be a memorable part of your visit.

Getting to Matera

Most visitors arrive in Matera via Bari, which has a major train station and an airport. From Bari, you can choose to rent a car or take a train to Matera.

By Car

Renting a car is a convenient option that allows you to explore the surrounding region of Basilicata and Puglia at your own pace. You can easily find rental cars through websites like Discover Cars, which compare prices from various local and international companies.

By Train

If you prefer to travel by train, you can take a train to Bari from other major cities in Italy. From Bari, a private commuter train departs from the Bari FAL train station and takes approximately 1.5 hours to reach Matera. Tickets typically cost around €5 each way, making it an economical option for travelers.

Matera Travel Tips & Advice

• Explore on Foot: While driving is convenient for reaching Matera, exploring the city on foot is the best way to appreciate its beauty. The narrow streets, staircases, and hidden corners are best discovered at a leisurely pace.
• Avoid the Crowds: Matera can attract large groups of tourists, especially during peak times. To experience the city without the crowds, consider starting your day early or visiting during the shoulder seasons of spring and fall.
• Plan Your Itinerary: Though there are many attractions to see, you can cover most of Matera’s highlights in 2-3 days. This allows you to explore at a relaxed pace and fully appreciate the city’s unique charm.
• Local Cuisine: Don’t miss the chance to try local dishes beyond bread. Matera’s culinary scene includes delicious pasta, meats, and cheeses that reflect the region’s rich agricultural traditions.
• Cultural Events: Check for local events or festivals during your visit. Matera often hosts cultural activities, art exhibitions, and traditional celebrations that provide insight into the local culture.

Conclusion

Matera is a remarkable destination that offers a unique blend of history, culture, and stunning landscapes. From its ancient cave dwellings and rock churches to its delicious local cuisine, there’s something for everyone to enjoy. Whether you’re exploring the winding streets of the sassi, savoring traditional dishes, or staying in a cave hotel, Matera promises a memorable experience that will stay with you long after your visit. Embrace the magic of this stone-age city, and discover why it has captured the hearts of travelers from around the globe.